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Search Results for: Latin dance world

Tribute to Johnny “Dandy” Rodríguez Jr. His first recording was professionally with Tito Puente in 1964 and was titled “Exciting Rhythm of Tito Puente”

Johnny “Dandy” Rodriguez, (September 11, 1945, United States August 17, 2024) son of Johnny Rodriguez Sr. who was nicknamed “La Vaca”, remembered percussionist who was part of the orchestras of Tito Puente and Tito Rodriguez, among others; as we can deduce, music for Johnny Rodriguez is something clearly hereditary given that as a child he attended his father’s rehearsals and his mother was a dancer.

Johnny Dandy Rodriguez Foto By Miguel Martillo
Johnny Dandy Rodriguez Foto By Miguel Martillo

To get an idea of ​​the musical family, let’s say that Johnny Rodriguez Sr. also took part in performances and recordings with musicians and singers of the stature of: Alfredito Levy, Joe Quijano, Jose Curbelo, Lou Perez Louie Ramirez, Machito, Miguelito Valdes, Noro Morales, Orlando Marin, Pete Terrace, Pupi Campo and Xavier Cugat.

The father’s enormous musical background was emulated in a great way with ample merits by the son.

Dandy Rodriguez grew up in Spanish Harlem in Manhattan, his home was very musical and when he was in high school he learned the details of percussion represented by the bongos, congas, timbales and drums. Influenced by his father he became interested in music and so in 1962 he joined the band of maestro Tito Puente.

His first professional recording was with Tito Puente and was titled Excitante Ritmo De Tito Puente; after this first album with Puente, “Dandy” Rodriguez began to deepen his musical studies listening and learning from leading musicians such as: José Mangual Senior bongosero from Machito, Rogelio “Yeyito” Iglesias bongosero from Cachao and Vitin Palacio bongosero from Johnny Segui.

He worked with the King of Timbales for more than three decades, initially in the sixties, more specifically from 1962 to 1972, then he rejoined Tito Puente’s band at the end of the seventies and was part of it practically until the death of the famous King of Timbales.

In the extensive career of our Johnny Rodriguez in music we must mention his internship with Joe Cuba’s orchestra, with whom “Dandy” Rodriguez himself says he participated in seven or eight albums since the mid-sixties; the first of them titled Joe Cuba Sextette – Comin’ At Yous; without forgetting to mention that in those albums the name of Johnny Rodriguez Jr. does not appear in the credits due to issues related to contracts with record companies.

His stay with Puente was not a limitation for him to be part of other musical groups, so he also worked for several years with another great of Latin music, the remembered Tito Rodríguez. He was also part of the band of the famous conguero Ray Barreto, replacing Tony Fuentes, and was one of the founders of the famous Típica 73 in 1972 and even took part in a couple of albums with Machito.

In the seventies, during the Salsa Boom, “Dandy” Rodriguez left his mark on recordings with: Jose “Cheo” Feliciano, Charlie Palmieri, Roberto Torres, Willie Rosario, Ismael Quintana, Celia Cruz & Johnny Pacheco, Louie Ramirez, Richie Ray & Bobby Cruz, Fania All Stars, Alfredo De La Fe, Conjunto Clásico, Henry Fiol and Tito Allen.

As we mentioned before, John Rodriguez returned to the band of maestro Tito Puente in 1978 and was part of the band until Ernesto Antonio Puente’s death in 2000 at the age of 77; he participated in this cycle in at least twenty musical works apart from a large number of concerts and performances on tours in different countries around the world.

During those two decades with Tito Puente he also worked with other musicians, singers and groups such as: Miguel Quintana, Roberto Torres, Charlie Rodriguez, Tito Allen, Alfredo De La Fe, Azuquita Y Su Melao, Charlie Palmieri, Celia Cruz & Johnny Pacheco, Paquito D’ Rivera, Raulin, The Bronx Horns and Angelo Vaillant.

Luisito Quintero, Johnny Rodriguez y George Delgado
Luisito Quintero, Johnny Rodriguez y George Delgado

During the first two decades of the new century, the musical work of maestro Johnny Rodriguez continued and his musical mark has remained in other publications with The Latin-Jazz Coalition, Frankie Morales, Eddie Palmieri, Gilberto Santa Rosa, George Delgado, Victor Manuelle, Rick Arroyo, Orestes Vilato, Mitch Frohman, Cita Rodriguez, Doug Beaver, Adalberto Santiago and Jeremy Bosch.

Also, special mention must be made of the participation of maestro Johnny Rodriguez with a group called The Latin Giants Of Jazz, in the best style of the classic Big Bands made up of great teachers, including some of the former members of maestro Tito Puente’s band; with this group they have published four albums; this project gave rise to another band called The Mambo Legends, who recorded the album entitled: Watch Out! Be careful!

John Rodriguez is without a doubt one of the most prolific percussionists in the world of Latin music called Salsa. The nickname “Dandy” dates back to his childhood when the car he was driven in was bought at a store or shop called “Dandy” and people said look how cute “Dandy” is and from there he stuck with that nickname. In music he is better known as Johnny instead of John.

In (the year 2022) the experienced Johnny Rodriguez had three or four groups with which he is playing, including Dandy Rodriguez and his Dream Team, while teaching percussion classes online.

He is one of the true legends of Latin music, not to mention that his talent has also been reflected in recordings for other musical genres such as: Electronic, Folk Rock, Folk, World & Country, Funk / Soul, Heavy Metal, Jazz, Stage & Screen, Jazz-Funk, Merengue and Pop.

Johnny Rodriguez y George Delgado
Johnny Rodriguez y George Delgado

In his very extensive artistic career, maestro Johnny Rodríguez was part of historic and iconic recordings of our musical culture, some of these albums have been worthy of awards such as the Grammy Award, among which are:

Tribute to Beny Moré – Year 1978

On Broadway – Year 1983

El Rey: Tito Puente & His Latin Ensemble – Year 1984

Mambo Diablo – Year 1985

Goza Mi Timbal – Year 1990

Mambo Birdland – Year 1999

Masterpiece / Obra Maestra Tito Puente & Eddie Palmieri – Year 2000.

“In 2008, Johny entrusted LP’s Research and Development Department with the design of the John “Dandy” Rodriguez Jr. Legends Series bongos. John is proud that these drums, which bear his name, feature such outstanding sound and visual characteristics.”

Johnny Rodriguez’ “Dream Team”
Johnny Rodriguez’ “Dream Team”

Also Read: Jerry Ferrao says in salsa key: “My life is a drum”

Collaboration: Marino de Jesus (1588) from Salsa History from the Dominican Republic

Robert Tellez is undoubtedly “El más que sabe de salsa” (The one who knows the most about Salsa)

Recently, the second edition of the authorized biography of Míster Afinque, entitled Willie Rosario, El Rey del ritmo, was released. This work is authored by journalist and music researcher Robert Tellez M. The publication of this second edition of Willie Rosario, El Rey del ritmo came just in time to add to the centennial celebration of the musical leader, who has managed to keep his orchestra active and alive for more than six decades.

Photo by Sandro Sanchez Robert Tellez
Robert Tellez (Photo by Sandro Sanchez )

With this second edition, in alliance with our publishing house, the author was pleased with the treatment of the content and in his appreciation tells us: “This is a documentary work that exposes the different facets of the maestro Willie Rosario: the human being, the family man, the radio broadcaster and of course the leader of the “Banda que deleita””.

Fortunately, during the five years that followed the publication of the original text, maestro Willie Rosario has remained extremely active. In addition, since 2019, the orchestra leader has received several awards; so it was quite easy to collect data and photos that allowed us to expand the text with unpublished content.

As a journalist and researcher, Tellez affirms the importance of the text while clarifying: “This book is also a contribution to the preservation of the memory of salsa, a task that requires a rigorous, precise and responsible approach, ensuring adequate documentation for present and future generations. In my opinion, the work of building this memory is an inherent duty for communicators who are dedicated to disseminating this musical expression.”

Robert Téllez con Willie Rosario
Robert Téllez and Willie Rosario

Who is the biographer of Mister Afinque?

Labeled as “the one who knows the most about salsa”, Robert Téllez Moreno is a journalist.  Within journalism, he has excelled in different media.  He says he prefers his facet as a radio broadcaster, a branch in which he decided to specialize since he was a child.  However, Robert has also made a name for himself in the press and has ventured into television. Specifically, his interest in salsa music led him to be the biographer of Willie Rosario, his third literary work entitled Willie Rosario, el Rey del Ritmo (Willie Rosario, the King of Rhythm). His first literary publication was Ray Barretto, Fuerza Gigante and his second was Frankie Ruiz, Volver a nacer (co-authored with Felix Fojo).

A passion for salsa, but first a passion for the radio

Robert says that his first encounter with salsa was inexplicable.  It happened when he was a child by way of the Martínez family, some Caleños who moved in across the street from the Téllez Moreno home, located in a popular neighborhood.  In the mid-1980s, the Martinez family came to live in a neighborhood that did not accept them as noisy, because the Bogotá of that time was very conservative. Bogota belonged to the Bogotanos, and those who came from other parts of the country were in the minority. Robert’s mother went further and said that the Martínez were marihuaneros, not because she saw them smoking marijuana, but because she thought it was too noisy for the tranquility of the neighborhood before the arrival of the Caliños.  Téllez adds: “I was struck by the fact that since they arrived they had parties every weekend; Thursday, Friday and Saturday. There was music all night and they would wake up there. In reality, they were family parties.”.

“Uncles, nephews, cousins and brothers shared that taste for music there. The only thing you could hear was salsa at a time when salsa was not the prevailing thing in Bogotá. That sound attracted me.  That’s where I identify that my passion for this music began. Of course, first came a greater passion, which was the passion for the radio. I connected them very early in my childhood. I was attracted to what I heard. However, my brothers listened to Anglo American music. They heard other kinds of sounds. Break dancing was coming in, American music was invading us. Ballads were what my sister liked; the romanticism of Juan Gabriel, Camilo Sesto and all that kind of music. Vallenato was also listened to a lot, but the only thing that made an impact on me was salsa. As my love for salsa was born without explanation, but it arrived, I romantically say that salsa touched the window of my room, and I fell in love with it. It’s just that the room in the living room where those parties were held faced my bedroom window.”

Robert Téllez con Ismael Miranda
Robert Téllez and Ismael Miranda

A potential programmer

At just 7 years old, Robert began to understand the workings of radio as a means of communication and entertainment intuitively. He recalls how for as long as he can remember, he imitated the announcers of the moment, knew to tell the time; maintaining awareness of the time in relation to the songs in the order of radio programming. Sometimes he reasoned and concluded: “that song played a while ago and so he tried to understand everything that was happening on the radio”. However, that station did not play salsa; it played ballads, vallenatos, American music, and other genres. Of course, within the musical environment available, since he was a child he began to understand the style of the whole radio world and there he drew a line of programming. Later, when the Martinez family arrived in the neighborhood, Robert was able to connect the radio with salsa. However, he says, “I didn’t even have a record in my house to be able to have a reference. The arrival of the new neighbors coincided with the arrival of a Caracol FM station called Bienvenida Estéreo, the director was Rodrigo Salazar. Today I understand that Salazar began to program salsa in a city that was not salsa. But he came from Cali and tried to program the first salsa station in Bogotá, on FM”.

Robert Téllez con Willie Rosario
Robert Téllez and Willie Rosario

At just 8 years old, the precocious programmer had already won a radio contest that consisted of going to the station that sponsored the contest and doing voice-over, presenting songs and having the listeners select the winner. Robert does not remember which song he presented, but he does remember that he knew the station’s slogan, told the time, said his name and went to commercials. With the memory vivid in his mind, Robert adds, “I won because of the confidence I had. The other kids were shy. Many were silent on the air.”

In spite of his young age, with discipline and precision he remained engrossed by the radio, listening to it as if it were a mandatory activity. He knew all the programming, made programming spreadsheets and began to understand how the songs rotated and to memorize the songs that were played in the morning and later played at noon and then at night.

I began to understand everything and to compare different stations. Already with his critical thinking polished in the prediction of musical themes within the programming lineup, he began to participate in radio competitions in which they gave away records on a weekly basis and, “as that was what I wanted, to have records, then I became quite tired”. He continues his story, stating: “I think they already knew me there and I always guessed what the number one song of the week was. Since I had the program listings, it was easy for me”.  That’s how he got his first album: Salsa Fever, (1988, Gunda Merced y su Salsa Fever). But, he had nowhere to listen to it. He put it in his room, looked at it and read that the record had the song ‘La familia’ on it.  He went to a friend’s house to listen to it. After listening to it several times, he returned home and put it away again. Later, that LP gave him entry to the Martinez house, and established him as the DJ of the family parties; at first programming what they told him so that people would dance. About that entry, Robert adds: “Later I learned and I was already programming according to what they liked”. Later, that experience led him to play music at youth parties of the time that were called “minitecas” and to earn his money programming.

At just 14 years old, he went to his first concert, to see Grupo Niche, during the time when Tito Gómez was part of the front. It was also in those days when, in addition to being the Martínez’s DJ, he had already convinced the parents’ association of the public school where he was studying that it was time to create a school radio station. First they gave him permission to animate the breaks that were half an hour. He used the school recorder and placed it in front of the microphones, which were the same ones used for protocol activities. From there, Robert would give the time and announce the songs. Later on, a messenger service was created to guarantee the permanence of his radio functions on campus.

When he finished high school, he went to do mandatory military service in the Colombian army. There he had already defined that he wanted to study Social Communication and Journalism, but he had to go to the army first. Going to the army was not his worst drawback; the real impediment was the lack of money to pay for a career.

Before applying for the army he sold everything, even his records. He later regretted it, although the money came in handy to survive in the army from 1992 to 1993. He served days after Pablo Escobar’s death. While in the army, he did not stop listening to the radio, nor did he stop listening to salsa. In order to have access to the radio, he was designated to carry and maintain the communications radio and to prepare the sergeants’ reports. As a reward, he was allowed a transistor radio to listen to commercial radio. That radio wave accompanied him in the army and that is how he learned of Hector Lavoe’s death on June 29, 1993.

Eventually, in January 1994, he began studying at the Colegio Superior de Telecomunicaciones in Bogotá, and was also employed full time at the Luis Ángel Arango Library.  On Fridays and Saturdays, after his shift at the library, he would go to El Canelazo to program music until 3:00 a.m.

Once graduated from the Superior College of Telecommunications, the recent graduate was disappointed at not being able to enter the media because he did not have a referral. Later on, a client of the men’s fashion store that Robert managed, more out of necessity than for pleasure, recommended him to Gilma Camelo de Tobón, who gave him his first opportunity in the radio. About this, the journalist says: “she gave me the opportunity to enter the radio without having a name, without being anyone, without having had any experience working in the booth”. This is how Téllez entered Radio Capital that first of three times, in 1999. In his first on-air program, hosted by Henry Segura, Téllez was in charge of programming and news reading. In his second contract, in 2001, he programmed the station, but this one was boleros. Eventually, Robert took over the station, turning it into a 100% salsa station, 24 hours a day.

Already with the maturity of one who can choose his functions, Robert has dedicated himself to interviewing salseros. “That’s what I started to like more than the programming itself and they say that what I do best is the music programming, but interviewing is where I think I add the most to salsa and the media (…) because I am original, because I already have a method that works well for me. Some people want me to share my interviews in order to plagiarize them”, says Téllez, who remembers having made his debut as an interviewer with Ismael Miranda in 1998.

In the editorial field, Téllez was founder and director of Sonfonía magazine.  Sonfonía was first a portal that was managed as a virtual magazine and then went to paper, to which Robert adds: “It was an economic failure, but we did it”.

From there it went to Superestación Salsa, which is an important brand within Colombian youth radio and was a milestone in the 80s. Under the brand, Superestación rock, Superestación ballada, super pop station and super vallenata station were created. Within that conglomerate, Robert came to be the founder of Superestación Salsa under the online radio system, as director of that salsa concept.

In 2012, he accepted to be the manager of singer Miles Peña, and successfully represented him for a year. However, in 2013, when he accepted a contract with Radio Nacional de Colombia, he had to terminate his representation agreement with Miles.  Of course, they are still linked by a great friendship that survived beyond that artistic representation agreement. And as for his imprint on Radio Nacional de Colombia, for nine years he directed and hosted the weekly program known as Conversando la salsa con Robert Téllez. In that space, in which more than 400 unpublished interviews were published, hundreds of key figures in the musical memory of salsa were made known. There at Radio Nacional de Colombia he also maintained a podcast, entitled Cronología de la salsa as well as La salsoteca, digital content produced specifically to interact with salsa fans during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Today he is an advisor to a Christian radio station, Ambiente Estéreo, of which he was director a few years ago. Before directing it, he had a program entitled Salsa de verdad. In that space, in which he listened to salsa dura, he even programmed non-Christian artists who have recorded songs with a biblical message.

According to Téllez, his greatest professional achievement has been to write the biography of the longest-serving salsero who remains active playing his instrument and directing the oldest salsa orchestra in the salsa scene. In addition, as a result of that work he achieved a close relationship with Dr. Willie Rosario, adding: “that has no comparison”. Robert is welcome in Willie’s home, and often shares phone calls in which he is free to talk about any subject, including politics and religion. These are privileges he is humbled to receive, which he insists have come about because of the publication of the literary work. Regarding this achievement, Tellez shares with us: “Having the privilege of being the biographer of maestro Willie Rosario represents the pinnacle of my work as a researcher and journalist. It is an honor that transcends into a deeply rewarding and enriching experience. The opportunity to delve into the life and work of such an emblematic figure in the world of Latin music as Maestro Rosario has been a fascinating journey, full of invaluable discoveries and learning. Robert was recently invited by the Senate of Puerto Rico to be t Robert Téllez M.’s musical knowledge has been requested and published in prominent media such as Revista Nómadas, – a scientific publication, with an interdisciplinary approach and monographic character. – of the Universidad Central de Colombia. He has also collaborated with Latin Beat Magazine, Agencia EFE, Semana Magazine, Caracol Televisión, El País de Cali Newspaper, El Heraldo de Barranquilla, El Tiempo Newspaper and El Espectador Newspaper, among others.

Robert Téllez en el Capitolio de Puerto Rico
Robert Téllez at the Capitolio de Puerto Rico

Full time and overtime -because his days are approximately 12 hours working for the responsible documentation of salsa- he is a repository of stories that nurture what he has aptly called the memory of salsa. Currently, he is building a comprehensive project and, as he says: “I believe that this will be published, but we will disclose it in due time”.

The second edition of Willie Rosario, El Rey del ritmo is the second work that author Robert Téllez M launches in collaboration with Be more. The first was the translation of Ray Barretto, Fuerza Gigante (Unos y Otros Editores, 2016) under the title: Ray Barretto, Giant Force (Be more, 2021), which won a silver medal for best translation from Spanish to English in the 23rd International Latino Book Awards.

For me as an editorial leader, the publication of this work is of utmost importance not only because my roots, like those of maestro Willie Rosario, come from the Center of the Universe, as Coamo is known, but also because I am passionate about the cultural and historical context in which salsa has developed as an artistic and sociological movement. For my work team, it is a priority to disseminate the memory of salsa with the responsibility and scientific precision with which history is written.

Bella Martinez Puerto Rico

Also Read: A party of dancers at the concert to celebrate Willie Rosario’s 100th birthday

My mother sang tango

One of the Latin genres that is currently on the rise is tango, so it is common to find more and more people linked to it. There are even many who have made tango one of the most important passions of their lives, as in the case of Carlos Álvarez Guevara, with whom we have had the fortune to talk exclusively about this and other interesting topics.   

Carlos dancing tango
Carlos dancing with his dance partners in tango classes

Childhood with a tango singer mother   

Carlos’ contact with tango began during his early childhood thanks to his mother, who was a tango singer and dancer.   

Carlos describes his early live in El Salvador and points out that, back then, there were no cassettes or CD players with which to listen to music, so people had to make do with what they heard on the radio. His mother went to a well-known radio station to take part in singing competitions.   

It is then that the boy would listen to his mother rehearse for the competitions with old tango songs, which made him memorize them perfectly and be able to sing them in full. The rest is history.   

How Carlos sees tango today   

Today Carlos is a tango and salsa dancer, a genre that has also been important in his musical journey. However, he sings the songs he dances to at amateur level.   

For many years, he left aside music to devote himself to become a mechanic, a job from which he recently retired after more than 40 years of hard work. It was when he turned 45 that he fully resumed his love for tango and enrolled in dance classes to remember everything he had learned with his mother. 

This is why Carlos says that he is much more professional in dancing than in singing, since he dedicated much more time and effort to the former to become an expert in the field. Dancing, of course, is accompanied by singing, but it has less hierarchy in terms of the artist’s priorities.   

He has reached such a level of excellence in these disciplines that some friends of his put him in touch with Eduardo Guilarte, director of International Salsa Magazine, so that he could talk to us and his talents would become better known.    

Carlos was a mechanic
Carlos was a mechanic during a great part of his life, but tango is his biggest passion

Time dedicated to mechanics and dance   

Regarding the time dedicated to his formal work and dancing, Carlos claims he never had any problems, since he knew how to organize very well in this aspect. 

He always devotes his time to dance on weekends, days where he frequented, and still frequents, nightclubs with friends with whom he dances and spends very pleasant moments that clear his mind of everyday life.   

In addition to that, he also has a karaoke machine at home with which he also sings and practices his repertoire to delight anyone who wants to hear him on any nightclub stage.   

What Carlos has learned from tango   

Just as Carlos has been dedicated to singing and dancing tango, he has also invested time in learning about its history to give more depth to the knowledge he has about this genre and he wanted to share with us a little of what he has learned.  

He told us that one of the things he was most fascinated to learn is that tango has roots from many places and times around the world, although nowadays it is seen as an Argentine genre. Something that many do not know is that it has its origins in the arrival of Africans in the ”New World”, which played a fundamental role in the emergence of tango in Argentina and Uruguay, which were under Spanish rule.    

Both countries were transit ports for slave traffic, so the new inhabitants of these places brought with the their music and customs, which were mixed with the local music and customs to give rise to what is known today as tango. 

A very interesting detail he told us is that, when European sailors stopped in these countries and went to bars to look for drinks and some company, so the ladys in these places danced tango to seduce and provoke them. At that time, this kind of music was perceived as the lowest level of society to the point that the Catholic Church demanded its parishioners not to dance tango, but it turns out that the genre was pleasing to the people and nothing could be done about it.    

In the end, puritans had no choice but to embrace this wonderful dance and, today, people of all social classes, ages and races enjoy it without any complex.   

Carlos with his family
Carlos with his mothers, brothers and dog Mozote

The lyrics and references of tango    

Since Carlos has very extensive knowledge of everything about the genre and its lyrics, we wanted to know what he has studied about it.    

‘‘Tango can be many things at the same time. It can touch on issues related to the moral conduct of the individuals and, like many Latin genres, it also serves to mock and criticize politicians. It can also be an ode to love, spite and regret for having lost the loved one” Carlos shared with us on the subject.    

‘‘This genre can deal with many subjects at the same time, but one of the most recurrent is frustration with failed love and I don’t think that will change in a long time” said Carlos.   

Regarding the issue of the greatest artists who have inspired him to dance and sing tango, he mentioned Carlos di Sarli, Carlos Gardel, Oswaldo Pugliese and Enrique Rodríguez.   

What Carlos feels at singing and dancing tango   

Carlos describes listening to any tango song as ”listening to your own national anthem in a foreign country”. For him, listening to any piece sung by his parents in the past is a source of pride and takes him back to the most beautiful moments of his childhood. 

Carlos pointed out that ”when you are driven by loving emotions and some thoughts are trapped, you can express them through singing and dancing, which is what I always do”.    

The artist pointed out that he loves this world and it is one of the things that fills him the most in life, so he is grateful to be able to talk about it in International Salsa Magazine and express what it makes him feel to the world. 

Read also: Bolivian guitarist Gabriel Navia and his love for music 

Thank you Rafael for all you have done for Salsa. Without you many of us would not be salseros

On August 29, 1926, Rafael Ithier was born in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. Brilliant and talented pianist, composer, arranger, producer and founding director of the University of Salsa “El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico”.

Thank you Rafael for all you have done for Salsa.
Thank you Rafael for all you have done for Salsa.

Former member of Cortijo y su Combo. Don Rafael Ithier is by his own merit an authentic living legend of salsa worldwide.

The Korean War was imminent. The young Puerto Rican soldier Rafael Ithier, in the service of the U.S. Army, feared being sent to the battlefield. Music was his thing.

He had been a pianist in several ensembles in his native San Juan before his military service.

His mission at that time (1950) was to organize an orchestra to liven up the parties at the military base.

But the group did not progress because the soldier with the soul of a musician did not hurry the coupling of the incipient band.

He wanted to buy time. “Sorry, sergeant, the band is not ready to perform,” Ithier would say every time he was called upon. In the end, his cunning saved him from war. Several of those musicians would later form the Borinqueña Mambo Boys band. From then on, Ithier would earn his living at the piano.

With that same astuteness, and after six glorious years and a painful separation from Combo de Cortijo, one of the most successful groups in West Indian music, this self-taught musician founded El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico.

He called several of the best musicians of the defunct Combo and two very young singers: Andy Montañez and Pellín Rodríguez.

May 26, 1962 marks the birth date of the orchestra, which today has become a living legend of the genre, with 48 years in the salsa music scene and 57 recordings.

Since its first presentation at the Rock and Roll saloon in Bayamón (Puerto Rico), the Gran Combo revolutionized West Indian music with an innovative clave rhythm for that time, which was aimed at the dancer’s ear.

The jocular lyrics of their songs with Andy Montañez’s and Pellín Rodríguez’s strong voices made an immediate impact.

In addition, the band’s fresh image and colorful choreography soon gave the band its own identity, at a time when orchestras were proliferating.

For its founder, “fidelity to an original style, but at the same time adaptation to musical evolution and group discipline have allowed us to get to where we are today,” says the 84-year-old bandleader. With this formula they survived the difficult times of the industry, the genre and the passing of the years and fashions.

Thank you Rafael for all you have done for Salsa. Without you many of us would not be salseros
Thank you Rafael for all you have done for Salsa. Without you many of us would not be salseros

One of the difficult moments that Ithier remembers was when the two flagship voices of the group left in the seventies. According to the musician, “many decreed the death of the Gran Combo”.But once again, the director’s wisdom came to the fore when he found two voices that matched the band’s style.

The arrival of the new singers (Jerry Rivas and Charlie Aponte) reflected Ithier’s knowledge and leadership in managing his orchestra. When Rivas, white and blond, was introduced to replace the stellar Andy Montañez, the other musicians, most of them dark-haired, looked at him with suspicion. Ithier, with his traditional good humor, responded: “You can rest assured, he’s a black man painted white”.

On the cusp of success today few remember the vicissitudes to consolidate, after the disintegration of Cortijo y su Combo (due to indiscipline of the musicians, among them Ismael Rivera), from where the base of musicians of the Gran Combo came from. Ithier recalls how they were branded as “traitors” by the public and the musical milieu.

“Several times we were hired in clubs and when we arrived to play and they saw us, they closed the doors. Those were difficult times, we didn’t even have a place to rehearse”. The orchestra was on the verge of disappearing, says its director, who, disillusioned, locked himself in his house, determined to give up music.

Rafael Ithier received Honorary Doctorate Degree
Rafael Ithier received Honorary Doctorate Degree

“The musicians came looking for me and after begging me to conduct for a while, I returned. The truth is that with so many problems I thought the group would last one or two years at most and look where we are now,” confesses Ithier.

But the constancy, the iron but friendly discipline and the virtuosity of the 14 members of the group paid off. In 2005 alone, they performed in 137 shows around the world.

Los Mulatos del Sabor, La Bandera Musical de Puerto Rico or La Universidad de la Salsa, nicknames by which the legendary group is known, are now in their 48th year.

The successful musical life of El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico is linked in every musical note to the style andpersonality of its director and founder Rafael Ithier. This pianist describes himself as a self-taught musician who never attended a conservatory.

His musical school was the street and his discipline to learn from the musicians of his time. Ithier, born in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, in 1926, has proven throughout his 63-year career to be a visionary of Latin music. In the 1960s, when he founded the group, he cemented his own style based on the rhythms that dominated the music scene of the time, such as bogaloo, jala-jala, bomba and plena. As for him, he was always a classical pianist.

In the seventies he understood the new direction that West Indian music was taking, already known as salsa, and he adapted to the changes.

He introduced the trombone to the brass section to give it a modern sound. Thirty years later, when the romantic salsa trend emerged, the Gran Combo knew how to stay current and worked in this line, without losing its style, but even so, the critics came.

“Music evolves like everything else and we adapt to the changes. Many orthodox of the genre do not accept it and criticized us, but for this reason many orchestras disappeared”. However, Ithier is one of the defenders of classic salsa and a critic of the so-called salsa monga (romantic), today in decline due to the resurgence of salsa dura.

“Those little guys missed the formula. They didn’t know what the clave was and they took away all the flavor of our music, they all did the same thing and that scared the dancer away. They even said that the clave was a delay in the music”.

In Latin music industry and genre circles, his influence is more than recognized.

It was Ithier who Gilberto Santa Rosa sought out for advice and support to become a soloist after having played with orchestras such as Willie Rosario’s. At present, Rafael Ithier continues in the direction of the Gran Combo and has no plans to retire, although he has not sat at the piano for three years due to hearing loss, according to himself, “due to an illness poorly cared for by not stopping traveling with the orchestra.”

Source: Alejandro-Gonzalez Teodoro (Dr Ted Alejandro Jr)

Also Read: The Royalty of our Latin Music Pete “El Conde” Rodríguez first singer signed by Fania Records label

Yes, I speak the ancient African Lucumi toungue: The second language of salsa

Many Latin Americans have left the name of their culture very high around the world, making people from other nationalities and even continents feel fascinated by these elements and end up adopting them as their own. Such is the case of Nigerian Oluwakemi Odusnya, better known as Kemi, who has been kind enough to share with us a little of her story, her knowledge of the Lucumi language and her relationship with Latin music.   

people practicing Yoruba
A group of people practicing the Yoruba religion

Kemi’s coming to the United States   

Kemi tells us that she was born in Nigeria, but moved to the United States when she turned 18 in search of a better future for herself. That was more than 10 years ago, so the young woman already had a good idea of how things are handled in her country of residence.   

Taking advantage that this is the land of opportunity, she studied computer science and graduated as a software engineer, the profession she is in now.   

Additionally, she discovered other passions and hobbies such as Latin music and dancing, especially tango, but we will talk about that a little later on.   

In his country of origin, he learned to speak English, which is the official language of Nigeria, and Lucumi, which we will talk about in the next section.   

Lucumi and its relationship with Latin music   

After talking a little bit about her personal life, Kemi went on to explain what the Lucumi language was and how it was perceived today. Contrary to what many online sources might say on the subject, the Nigerian explained that Lucumi and Yoruba were pretty much the same thing, but with a different name.   

The group of people who spoke Locumi are no longer called that way because many Nigerians have moved to other countries, so there are other terms to define them today.  

Kemi moved on by explaining that, in her country, there are about 300 languages in general, but the official one is English. This in order that the speakers of the other languages can communicate with each other without any problem. Among these native languages, we can mention the ”Pidgin English” which is the result of mixing English with elements from local languages.   

In the specific place Kemi grew up, villagers speak Yoruba, which was formerly known as Lucumi. The name change of the language and many terms used in it have been the direct reault of the immigration of many Nigerians to other countries, especially to the West.    

In Kemi’s particular case, she was pleasantly surprised to discover the lyrics of Celia Cruz and to find many of the words of her own Lucumi language.    

Yoruba dancing
Yoruba dancing and singing in Cuba

Lucumi and Latin music 

For Kemi, the relationship between Lucumi and a part of Latin music is more than evident. Something that particularly caught his attention was that several songs by Cuban artists constantly made reference to the Yoruba divinities: Oshun, Yemayá, Changó, Elegguá, Oggun, Oyá and Obbatalá.   

”For me it was very impressive to see the extent of our culture, since there are many Africans who have had to leave their lands in search of a better place to live, but they do not want to distance themselves emotionally from their country. On the contrary, they want to be as connected as best they can to their country and Latin music, specifically Cuban music, is an excellent tool to stay bonded to their roots” said Kemi on the subject.   

”Many just like me who have come to this country find in Latin music and dance a way to stay connected to our traditions. Sometimes, even we feel that we and Latinos have the same ancestors,” Kemi says with a laugh.   

How new generations perceive Yoruba culture and its elements   

Something Kemi pointed out is that the new Nigerian generations no longer perceive Yoruba culture in the same way. In fact, a large portion of the immigration from the African country no longer feels a real connection with the customs of their own country because they became ”westernized” in some way, especially the younger part.  

Another important detail highlighted by Kemi is that, in today’s Nigeria, Santeria and other religions like that have begun to be perceived as dark, so many people no longer feel comfortable practicing these cults. In fact, there has been a rise of Christianity and Islam in the country, so not a few locals ended up designing their own ritual by mixing these religions with Yoruba culture so that the latter is not seen as impure.   

Those who practice the Yoruba religion in Nigeria are aware that their worship is a mixture of Yoruba culture and Christianity, but they can not say it openly because it looks bad,” Kemi says about this.   

To close, Kemi also said that she is neither a Santera nor a practitioner of any religion. Her family is Muslim and she grew up adhering to Islam, but that changed when she moved to the United States. Today, she has a great deal of respect for these aspects of the Yoruba religion, but does not perform any of these practices.  

Kemi in our interview
Kemi during our interview via Zoom

Kemi’s love for tango 

Kemi has a great love for tango, to the point that she practices it two or three times a week for entertainment and physical activity. 

Initially, Kemi enjoyed dancing salsa because it reminded her so much of the music of her homeland and Yoruba culture, but after some health complications on her hips, she had to opt for something slower and calmer. That’s when she started to try tango and ended up liking it very much. 

After the pandemic, she found that there was a dance academy near he rhome, which motivated her to dance tango to the point where these lessons have become a very important part of her life. She also sees dancing as a way to connect with others and be on the same page.   

Read also: Patrón Latin Rhythms manager talks about the band and its plans 

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International Salsa Magazine (ISM) is a monthly publication about Salsa activities around the world, that has been publishing since 2007. It is a world network of volunteers coordinated by ISM Magazine. We are working to strengthen all the events by working together.