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Historical events that gave birth to kizomba

History of kizomba

There are many musical genres and rhythms that we love and make us want to dance just by listening to them, but in most cases, we do not know their origin or how they became what they are today. Such is the case of kizomba, whose origins are both particular and fascinating, so we want to explore a bit about this interesting story for the knowledge of all those readers who still do not know it.

This dance modality that has become well known in Latin America and the United States in recent years has its origins in Angola in the 1960s as a fusion of ”semba” and other African rhythms, but it was not as simple as it sounds. In fact, many things happened before kizomba became what we know, some of which have to do with historical events that led to the creation of this musical genre indirectly.

People dancing kizomba in a dance studio in Angola

Historical context

Angola was colonized by Portugal in the 16th century, fact from which the European country began to impose its culture, language, religion and political system in the occupied territory. In the same way, the colonizers took advantage of the Angolans in every possible way, but the best known was the labor exploitation to which they were subjected to obtain resources and the suppression of their national identity.

The situation became so unbearable that there has been an emergence of numerous anti-colonialist movements throughout the country such as the National Front for the Liberation of Angola, the People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola. This resulted in the Angolan population demanding the rights they had as inhabitants from their own country and which had been forcefully taken away from them. The following years were marked by intense armed conflict, a lot of political instability and international intervention.

Finally in 1975, Angola gained independence from Portugal to become a country free from the yoke which settled down on it for decades. However, the legacy of colonization in every area of national life was so profound that it could not be swept way from one moment to another, including traditional music and dances. Both Angolan music and dance ended up mixing with European and Portuguese rhythms in general, resulting in a colorful range of sounds that have been conquering the whole world.

Angolan women dancing tradicional rhythms

Origin of kizomba and its name

Returning to semba that was mentioned at the beginning, it was its union with other African rhythms such as zouk that gave origin to kizomba as such. The word ”kizomba” comes from ”kimbundú” or ”quimbundú” which means ”party”. Kimbundú is a language spoken in some Angolan provinces and the Portuguese language incorporated some of its terms such as ”xinga” which means ”curse”.

On this subject there is much controversy, since lots of hypotheses are floated to explain the origin of kizomba and one of them states that this genre does not exist as such, but it is a version of the already existing zouk, but sung in Portuguese. There are also some studies indicating that kizomba comes from ”bèlè”, which is a dance inherited from African ancestors who came to the Island of Martinique as slaves to work in the sugarcane plantations.

By mixing bèlè and the European polka, Martinican musicians created something called ”beguine”, which was spreading in Parisian popular dances. When these rhythms were mixed with more commercial music in the 1970s, zouk originated and this term makes direct reference to the spontaneous parties in Martinique. ”Zouk” means ”party” in Creole, which is a language spoken by West Indians that emerged from the mix of French with other African languages. Coincidentally, it has the same meaning as ”kizomba” in Kimbundu.

Some contestants at the Luanda Semba Festival 2019

After zouk spread to French Guiana and Brazil, it returned to Africa, especially to Angola and Cape Verde, where it merged with semba and finally gave birth to kizomba.

What how is kizomba is today

Kizomba tended to be slow-paced and static and not required many turns, but that changed with the passage of time. Today, it includes legs tangled and recreates much more visual moves than before.

Something that characterizes the genre is the circle dance with forward and back steps, which has been very appealing to dancers from all over the world despite their origin. Besides, it is very easy, sensual, different and exotic.

National Zalsa Day in its XXXIX edition a total success

Sunday, March 19, 2023, the 39th edition of National Zalsa Day returned to the date established in 2000 with the approval of Law No. 100, which decrees the third Sunday of March of each year as National Salsa Day.

This edition of the activity of worldwide importance, which has almost reached four decades since its first edition at the José Pepito Bonano Park in Guaynabo, demonstrated Z-93’s support for the proposals of the new generation. That promise, made in its 38th edition, has been fulfilled.

The day began at about eleven in the morning. The Orquesta del Rey de Puerto Rico, winners of the contest held in Panama to select the talent to be presented yesterday on the DNZ stage, was in charge of the ignition.

Orquesta del Rey de Puerto Rico after the performance that kicked off the National Zalsa Day

As soon as this first intervention culminated; the orchestra of Robert Burgos shone in a change of rhythm something more cubaneao. When the sun was at its hottest moment, Maelo Ruiz arrived on stage for the first time as a soloist, accompanied by the musical direction of his nephew, the outstanding percussionist of the so-called nueva cepa: Jean Carlos Camuñas. Pirulo arrived on stage with his usual urban charisma, stealing the hearts of the new salsa

The fifth intervention marked the arrival of the Orquesta del Día Nacional, led by the multifaceted Isidro Infante. The orchestra backed Nino Segarra, who enchanted the audience with Entre la espada y la pared and Porque te amo; Yolanda Rivera, who performed Se formó and Hasta que se rompa el cuero as well as a descarga in front of the timbal; Luigui Texidor, who sang Boranda and Moreno soy.

Next, “El Niño Bonito de la Salsa”, Ismael Miranda arrived accompanied by his family and Pastor Alex D’ Castro to receive from Néstor Galán -better known as “el búho loco”- the well-deserved Estrella Award, instituted as part of the annual salsa day.

Ismael Miranda receives Estrella Award from Néstor Galán

Once the Estrella Award was presented to Miranda, Pichie Pérez sang El sonero del bailador and a medley of the songs that consolidated him as a singer when he was part of the giants of the south, the Sonora Ponceña. These were: Hacheros pa’ un palo, Fuego en el 23, El pío pío and Yambeque.

After Pichie finished his performance, Alex D’ Castro took the stage and gave the evening its climax with Te fuiste, Como si nada and Si no fuera por ti. Alex was followed by the new promise of salsa, already recorded, published and released by Sony Music Latin: Luis Figueroa.

As part of the tribute to the 50th anniversary of the establishment of Típica 73, there was a reunion on stage of singers Tito Allen, Adalberto Santiago and José Alberto “El Canario”; backed by the manager of Típica 73, Johnny Dandy Rodríguez. Tito Allen performed Guancona and Guaguancó de los violentos. Adalberto Santiago showed off his voice with Mañoño and La candela. For his part, “El Canario” arrived with his usual scenic mastery with A la hora que me llamen voy, Esta noche pinta bien, Xiomara -a theme in which he was accompanied by Tito Allen and Adalberto Santiago- and Baila que baila.

José Alberto "El Canario", Adalberto Santiago and Tito Allen joined Johnny "Dandy" Rodríguez in tribute to Típica 73 — José Alberto “El Canario”, Adalberto Santiago and Tito Allen joined Johnny “Dandy” Rodríguez in tribute to Típica 73

After the segment in which the three singers came together again, bongos player Johnny Dandy received the tribute on behalf of Típica. The first intervention of the DNZ Orchestra closed with Domingo Quiñones in an energetic interpretation of Salsumba, a song with which he participated in the production El número 100 of the “King of the Timbal”, Tito Puente.

Domingo Quiñones performed Salsumba, a song he recorded with El Rey del Timbal for his production 'El número 100' — Domingo Quiñones performed Salsumba, a song he recorded with El Rey del Timbal for his production ‘El número 100’

When the afternoon wanted to give way to the night, Charlie Aponte’s orchestra was in charge of keeping the audience in the necessary mood to continue with salsa. The songs that Charlie kept the audience captive were Arroz con habichuelas, Se nos rompió el amor, Teléfono, Esos ojitos negros, Goyito Sabater and Gracias salsero.

Preceding the tribute to the “King of the Timbal”, on the 100th anniversary of his birth; India showed off her interpretative quality, evidencing her well-earned title. Yes, India is “la más que canta”. Her interpretation of Vivir lo nuestro, Dicen que soy -a song for which she was accompanied by Sergio George on piano shortly after he brought her a birthday cake on stage-, Ese hombre and Mi primera rumba showed her vocal virtuosity.

Sergio George celebrated India's birthday within the framework of DNZ 2023 — Sergio George celebrated India’s birthday within the framework of DNZ 2023

The concert was closed by Tito Puente, Jr. surrounded by timbaleros Nicky Marrero, Endel Dueño and Orestes Vilató, under the musical direction of timbalero José Madera. Tito’s guest singers for the closing were Frankie Figueroa, Frankie Morales and Melina Almodóvar.

Melina Almodóvar fue una de las invitadas de Tito Puente, Jr.

Bella Martinez
Writer, Afro-Caribbean Music Researcher

Women in music: Carmen Laboy tells of a full life, without regrets

Talking with Puerto Rican saxophonist Carmen Laboy is so pleasurable that it becomes a therapeutic experience for the listener as she leads the musical journey that has become her working life.

The enthusiasm with which she talks about her work is contagious. With that effervescence that characterizes her, for thirty years she balanced her work as a teacher with artistic contracts that led her to perform on countless stages. As an educator, until her retirement in 2012, she headed the Music Department at Columbus High School in New York. As a musician she remains active and current, accompanying when hired and conducting when it is her turn

Talking with Puerto Rican saxophonist Carmen Laboy is a pleasure.

She began her story by holding up a book of photographs while laughing out loud at the images that show a life surrounded by music greats at countless concerts.

Neither at the age of nine when she began taking private piano lessons, nor at the age of twelve when she auditioned for a place at the Escuela Libre de Música in her native Ponce, did she imagine that thanks to music she would travel the world accompanied by her inseparable baritone saxophone. Today she reflects and reports a full life, with no regrets.

Graduated from the Interamerican University of San Germán with a Bachelor’s degree in Music Education and Performance, she obtained her Master’s degree in Music Education and Orchestration from Herbert H. Lehman College in the Bronx, New York; but not before having been awarded a scholarship as an outstanding student by the Vienna International Music Center in Austria.

The woman in music Carmen Laboy gives an account of a full life, with no regrets.

The saxophonist Pete Miranda also connected her to the New York music scene when orchestras on Puerto Rican soil denied her a place because she was a woman, forcing her to leave the island that taught her to love the music she continues to treasure and share with the world.

She decided not to comment on this unfortunate rumor. She preferred to thank that from then on she has not ceased to make music with large format orchestras (big band), delivering Latin music. Colleagues such as Tito Puente, José Madera, Eddie Montalvo, Jimmy Delgado, José Alberto “El Canario” and Frankie Morales have allowed the maestro to play her instrument while accompanying them or when she assumes the musical direction, as the case may be.

The rejection to which she was subjected, which at first glance seems to have been a stroke of luck, did not divert her from her goal. On the contrary, she found in it the strength to blow in other lands. More than five decades of musical work at the helm of her baritone saxophone with the orchestras of Tito Puente, Machito, Ray Santos, Joe Cuba, Frankie Morales, Tito Rodríguez, Jr., The Big 3 Palladium Orchestra, Kit McClue Big Band and Harbor Conservatory Latin Band; as well as having accompanied Choco Orta, Paquito Guzman, Andy Montañez and Cano Estremera -among others- attest that her priority has always been to remain active in the music scene; this while wearing the same uniform as her male counterparts, be it a tuxedo or a tie. Among musicians, Carmen Laboy lets the music do the talking, far from worrying about her gender.

Bella Martínez
Writer, Researcher in Afro-Caribbean music.

Miguelito Cuní recognized among the best soneros of Cuba

Miguelito Cuní. Pinareño recognized among the best soneros of Cuba, who shared the stage with Benny Moré, Arsenio Rodríguez, Félix Chapotín, Richard Egües, Enrique Jorrín, among others.

Miguel Arcángel Conill, better known as Miguelito Cuní (Pinar del Río, May 8, 1917 – Havana, March 3, 1984), was a Cuban music singer. He was one of the emblematic voices of Cuban son in the 1940s and 1960s.
He was born in Pinar del Río, the westernmost province of the island of Cuba, into a humble family.

Miguelito Cuní Pinareño reconocido entre los mejores soneros de Cuba

During his school days he dedicated himself to the exercise of minor trades to help support the family. In 1932, at the age of fifteen, he began as a vocalist in the group “Los Carameleros”.
Soon after, he was the vocalist of Septeto Lira, Septeto Caridad and other groups in his province.
In 1938, already in Havana, he joined Arsenio Rodríguez’s group, and also worked actively with the orchestras “Melodías del 40” and Arcaño y sus Maravillas, making recordings and performing live and on the radio.

During the forties he developed an intense artistic life, he lived two years in Panama and in 1949 he settled in New York, as director of the orchestra of trumpeter Félix Chappottín.

He worked with Cuban music icons such as Beny Moré and in 1956 he traveled to Caracas to work with the “Bárbaro del Ritmo” with the group “La Tribu”. In 1960 he returned to New York, where he made several presentations, including the famous “Palladium”.

He returned to Cuba in 1966 where he founded his own group.
He participated in the film “Nosotros, la música” and other documentaries.

Some of the melodies that reached popularity in his voice were Con maña se rompe, No hay amor sin caridad, Viejo Socarrón, Nos estamos alejando, Canallón, Quimbombó, Yo sí como candela, Ay qué Canuto, Ya tú ves campeón, Cuento na’ ma, Mi son, mi son, mi son, mi son, Alto Songo, Canto al monte, Cuchillo para la piña cubana, Sacando palo del monte, Camina y prende el fogón, Rompe Saragüey, Convergencia, La protesta de Baraguá, Todos bailan con la guajira, Cárdenas, Guachinango, El carbonero, among others, most of them recorded with the group Chappottín y sus Estrellas, a group with which he achieved great projection and in which he sang until his death.

In his last recording he interpreted the bolero “Lágrima” from the long-playing record entitled “De nuevo Arcaño”. His last trip abroad was to Mexico in 1982.

Composer

Besides being a singer, he ventured into the world of musical composition, of his authorship are cited: Congo africano, Ay mamita!, Batanga africana, A bailar con la guajira.
Sones montunos from the late 1950’s, the boleros: Lloró Changó, Toque santo, Las ansias mías, A ti, Benny Moré.
And the guaracha “Esto no se ve”, among other titles.

He died in Havana on March 3, 1984, three months after his dear friend and companion of countless days, Félix Chapotín, who had passed away on December 21, 1983.

Tribute

Miguelito Cuní was admired by all those who knew him, highlighted by all his friends and close ones as a man of excellent human qualities, in homage to his trajectory the Commander of the Revolution, Juan Almeida composed the lyrics “Este son homenaje”, which was interpreted by the singer-songwriter Pablo Milanés.
In the artistic field, he deserved the recognition of his colleagues and thousands of admirers, and in the personal field, those who treated him remember him as a man of impeccable words and good speech, Miguelito Cuní was a true Creole gentleman.

Source: Ecured

Major Latin radio stations in New York

The current radio

Radio has always been present in a very important part of our lives, which is information and communication. Over time, it has also been a bridge for the most deprived to go public with their complaints and for new artists to make their work known. After the emergence of the internet, traditional radio stations had to adapt to the new era and air their content through the diverse digital platforms that have appeared in recent years. This is how all these shows have avoided their possible disappearance due to the lack of traditional radio listeners.

New York is one of the cities that has several of the most important radio stations in the United States whose content can be easily found in the web search engines. In view of the importance of radio and locution in entertainment and treatment of sensitive topics in society today, we consider it appropriate to name some of the main Latin radio stations in New York for the public to get to know them.

El Vacilón de La Mañana team consisting of DJ Ash, Gerpis Correa, Natalia ”Vacilón”, Francis Mendez, Jessica Pereira and DJ New Era

Mega 97.9

Mega 97.9 is a radio station operating in New York City whose tropical format offers musical genres such as salsa, merengue, reggaeton, and bachata. Its official name is WSKQ FM and its headquarters is located in the Empire State Building, as it is the case with many other stations.

It was created in 1951 under the name WEBD FM and its programming consisted of pop and jazz music of the time, but that was slowly changing. There were many changes of names, personnel, directors, presidents and much more, so the current programming is radically different from that of past times. In 1993, its name changed to Mega 97.9 and its content became based on tropical and Latin genres, which caused a revival of the station and a very considerable increase in the audience that it had until that year.

Among its most watched programs, we can mention the now defunct ”El Vacilón De La Mañana” and ”On Fuego: The Daddy Yankee Show”.

El Palo Con Coco team consisting of Tony Sanchez ”El Tiburón”, Coco Cabrera and Diosa Fernández

WXNY X96.3

WXNY X96.3 is a station mainly focused on contemporary adults whose main language is Spanish and is broadcast on the frequency 96.3 FM. The programming focuses on providing the biggest hits of the moment in terms of Latin rhythms and some entertainment programs that address contemporary issues in the entertainment world. Two of the most popular shows are ”La Gozadera” and ”El Palo Con Coco”.

Radio Puerto Rico

Radio Puerto Rico offers the most popular music from both the present and the past in the salsa genre. It streams Latin music of all genres such as salsa, reggaeton, merengue, vallenato, among others. At any time of the day, listeners can tune in and listen to El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico, Marc Anthony, Ismael Miranda, Ismael Rivera, Marc Anthony, Daddy Yankee, Don Omar and many others. Some of its shows are ”Al Son de Harold Montañez”, ”La música de tierra adentro”, ”Música Tropical” and ”Repartiendo su fortuna”.

Havana Club Radio

As the name suggests, Havana Club Radio is a radio station that seeks to unite all Cubans around the world in becoming one voice. Its waves play the island’s typical genres such as salsa, salsatón, rumba, danzón and more. It has very good ratings in several major cities in the United States and gives Cubans and Latinos in general the opportunity to connect with their homelands, even if they are far away.