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Adrián Joel Rodríguez Rivera is a musician with extensive experience as a Bassist

Adrián Joel Rodríguez Rivera (a.k.a. “AJ”) had his first experiences with the electric bass at 14 years old.

He began formal studies at the Antonio S. Paoli Specialized Music School in Caguas, Puerto Rico, that culminated with a Bachelor’s Degree in Music in Jazz & Afrocaribbean Music Execution with a major in Electric Bass from The Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico.

Throughout his career, he has played and recorded with musical groups in diverse music genres, e.g. reggae, rock, jazz, urban and tropical music.

He’s had the pleasure of collaborating with artists like Calma Carmona, Yaire, Auudi, Brytiago, Raquel Sofía, Jean Carlos Canela, Galé, among others.

Adrián Joel Rodríguez Rivera (alias “AJ”) gained his first experiences with the electric bass at the age of 14

Presently works from Puerto Rico and has performed in the United States, Colombia, and Ecuador.

The History of the Electric Bass

The history of the electric bass is intrinsically linked to the need for a more practical and amplified alternative to the bulky double bass, especially as musical bands grew larger and louder.

The Early Steps and Paul Tutmarc (1930s)

Although there were some earlier experiments, the first functional electric bass is considered to have been developed by Paul Tutmarc in the 1930s. In 1936, his company, Audiovox, launched the Model 736 Bass Fiddle.

This instrument featured a guitar-like design, with a solid body, frets, and an electromagnetic pickup, making it easier to transport and play compared to the double bass. However, Tutmarc’s invention was not a great commercial success at the time.

Leo Fender’s Revolution (1950s)

It wasn’t until the early 1950s that the electric bass truly took off, thanks to Leo Fender. Seeking to solve the problems of size, volume, and tuning of the double bass, Fender applied his expertise in electric guitar manufacturing to create an innovative instrument.

In 1951, Fender launched the Precision Bass, the first mass-produced and commercially successful electric bass. Its design was robust, with a solid body and frets (hence the name “Precision,” for the tuning accuracy the frets offered). This bass quickly became a standard, used in a wide variety of musical genres, from soul and R&B to rock.

Later, in 1960, Fender introduced the Jazz Bass, which offered a slimmer neck and two pickups (one near the bridge and one near the neck), providing greater tonal versatility and a sound that many jazz musicians found closer to the acoustic double bass.

Expansion and Evolution (1960s Onward)

Throughout the 1960s, other brands like Gibson, Höfner, and Rickenbacker also began manufacturing their own electric bass models, flooding the market with new options. The popularity of the electric bass grew exponentially, solidifying its place as a fundamental element in modern music.

The 1970s saw further experimentation. Preamplifiers began to be integrated into instruments to expand the tonal range, and multi-string basses emerged. In 1974, bassist Anthony Jackson and luthier Carl Thompson collaborated to create the first six-string bass, with the goal of expanding the instrument’s sonic range.

From the 1980s onward, innovation continued. 5 and 6-string basses became popular, as did active circuits and “boutique” basses from specialized luthiers. Designers like Ned Steinberger introduced headless basses and experimented with materials like carbon fiber. Influential musicians like Jaco Pastorius brought the fretless bass to the forefront, and techniques like “slap” and “double thumb” were developed and popularized.

Today, the electric bass continues to evolve, with a vast range of designs, configurations, and sounds, adapting to the needs of the most diverse musical genres and the creativity of bassists worldwide.

He began formal studies at the Antonio S. Paoli Free Specialized School of Music in Caguas, Puerto Rico.

Also Read: Charlie Haden was an extraordinary double bassist and composer who was a key figure in the history of modern jazz

Efrain ‘’Junito’’ Davila, Victor Manuelle and Ricardo Arjona’s producer in International Salsa Magazine

Efrain ”Junito” Davila is one of those faces behind the scenes that makes many things the public enjoys possible, which has led him to work with big names in the industry who respect his work and know that having him on their teams is a guarantee of success and quality. The arranger, music producer, composer, orchestrator and pianist has honoured us by talking a little about his life and career, something he himself admits that he does not do very often, so we thank him for his trust in International Salsa Magazine to tell his story.

Efrain Junito Davila working — Producer, arranger, and pianist Efrain ”Junito” Davila doing his work. Photo by Gisselle

Efrain’s interest in music from an early age

Efrain begins his story by telling us that his house always had tropical music, in fact, his father Efrain Davila was a musician and his mother was a singer, so they took their young son to their respective orchestras’ rehearsals and constantly exposed him to everything about music. However, he did not show much interest in music until he was about 11 or 11 years old, when he started playing with a little piano he had at home. He found the instrument fascinating and very easy to understand, to the point that his father noticed how easy it was for him to play and bought him a bigger piano, music books and several cassettes so that he could learn about that whole world.

It can be said that at the age of 12, Efrain was already a musician and played in the same orchestra as his father, but it was the following year, at the age of 13, that he made his first tour to Panama, which was the first country he visited for work.

An interesting fact we want to mention about the group in which his father was trombonist, Orquesta Xariz, is that it was one of the first Christian salsa orchestras of the time, because back then, this genre was still seen as something mundane and ordinary, something similar to what we see with urban music today. Therefore, it was not easy for people to identify Christianity with salsa, but Orquesta Xariz did it and Efrain learned a lot from it.

Professional start in music

Although Efrain made his first tour at the age of 12, for him the beginning of his career as such was at the age of 15, age in which he was no longer playing with his father, but with other artists in nightclubs. Although he was still a minor, the fact that he was tall and had a little beard helped him to be allowed to perform in those places. By that time, the artist was already being paid for his work and was performing much more often.

Victor, Efrain, and Jerry — Victor Manuelle, Efrain ”Junito” Davila, and Jerry Rivera

Around the same time, he began to make musical arrangements, first for the Orquesta Xariz and then later for other independent artists in New York City. Efrain himself got involved in this area in a completely self-taught way, since he did not want to be dedicated solely to play piano for the rest of his life, but sought to explore what other areas music could offer him.

Already at 20 or 21 years old, he also became interested in music production, to which he has devoted himself ever since.

Efrain as a producer, arranger and orchestrator

Efrain comments that he began to be recognised for his work for the first time thanks to the group DLG (Dark Latin Groove), which was looking for young musicians to join their ranks at that time. It was then that he met Sergio George, the owner of the group, who was the first to offer him his first major opportunity to arrange music for artists signed to great labels such as Sony. It could be said that this was the moment the young man knew he wanted to remain dedicated to this field and, over the years, he grabbed much more experience to the point of dealing with multinationals and artists of great name.

Grammy and Premios Lo Nuestro nominations

Throughout his career, Efrain has been nominated for a Grammy, a Latin Grammy, and a Premios Lo Nuestro award once in every case, he was nominated due to a work made for Prince Royce because he was doing much bachata at the time and, on another occasion, it was together with his friend and partner Guianko Gomez. In that same year, a couple of projects with the Venezuelan group Guaco were also nominated, indicating that the musical elite had him on its radar and acknowledged his efforts over time.

Victor, Efrain, and Tito — Victor Manuelle, Efrain ”Junito” Davila, and Tito Nieves

Although the artist greatly appreciated that his work is taken into account in this way, he is very clear that obtaining prizes should not be his main goal, so he has to keep working hard and not settle for what he has achieved so far. He comes down to “you must not only look into the past, but also into the future”.

Collaborations with great artists

In the case of Maluma, Efrain clarifies that he did not work directly with him, but covered some of his best-known songs in salsa. However, there have been other great artists whom he does know directly, such as Ricardo Arjona, who coincidentally called him on the day of our conversation to discuss some pending issues.

He has also met and worked directly with Victor Manuelle, with whom he has been friends and worked on his last nine record productions. Efrain says that it is nice working with the Puerto Rican artist because he really knows what he wants. “Many artists today don’t know what they want. They know what they don’t want, but they don’t know what they do want, which makes things a little difficult for me. Artists with long-spanning careers like Victor, Ricardo himself, Servando, and Florentino Primera know exactly what they want, so they are able to tell me what they are looking for in their work,” Efrain said about the topic.

He also mentioned that he usually has trouble with new artists for the same reason, since being inexperienced, he is the one who has to create a sound or wave from where starting. However, he continues to work with them, but he has to use much more creativity in constantly inventing and creating song demos so that they can see what they like.

It should also be mentioned that other important artists he is working with such as La India, Olga Tañón, and Tito Nieves.

Florentino, Efrain, and Servando — Florentino Primera, Efrain ”Junito” Davila, and Servando Primera

Behind-the-scenes work

Owing to the nature of his work, Efrain’s face is not as well known to the public as is the case of the great singers and musicians who work with him. When questioned about this, he says that he has never liked drawing attention and prefers to stay behind the cameras as a producer. He acknowledges that there are colleagues who do like media attention, but this is not his case. In fact, he does not participate much in interviews like this or podcasts. He believes that being very famous brings problems and prefers to live in peace and retain his privacy.

Maite Hontele

Europe / Holland

Maite Hontele. The perfect mix between Latin flavor and European roots

A girl with passion and talent, nominated for a Latin Grammy Award in the category Best Salsa Album, trumpeter Maite Hontelé is transforming the role of women in music. People in America, Europe and Asia have witnessed her magical talent and the way she performs on stage. Born in Holland, but Colombian in her heart, Maite’s music is a perfect mix of European elegance and tropical joy, which is reflected in her 4 albums:

Llegó la Mona, Mujer Sonora, Déjame Así, and Te Voy a Querer, the last two edited in vinyl.

Also known as ‘Mujer Sonora, Maite has collaborated with artists such as Rubén Blades, Buena Vista Social Club, Chocquibtown, Oscar D´ León, among others, all of them lured by her style. Immersed in Latin American music from her earliest years, she went on to study at the conservatory in Rotterdam, specializing in jazz, salsa, flamenco and Brazilian music.

She was also invited to take part in Buena Vista Social Club’s European tour.

She arrived in Medellín following her heart and her trumpet, releasing one record after another and touring internationally with her salsa band. Perhaps inevitably, she quickly made a name for herself in Colombia through her exploration of salsa in its many forms.

Maite Hontele - Flyers — Maite Hontele – Flyers

Oscar D´ León says “She is the best in the world, what a delight! The ways she plays is extraordinary, outstanding!”

Her next step in Europe: Fiestas de la Virgen del Pino TEROR, SPAIN – 5TH OF SEPTEMBER Stay with us four further information about the European tour! For further information https://www.facebook.com/fansmaitehontele/

Kizomba Conquering the World of Salsa

North America / USA /

These are some of the things I learned about Kizomba when my boss told me to write about it: Its official language is Portuguese; I bet you didn’t know that, either.

See, even when we thought we knew about this music genre, because we hear it at parties, get together or social events; as a Caribbean music, known by its movements that are alike the common Latin rhythms, it actually comes from Angola; a country in Southern Africa, near Namibia; and its official language is Portuguese.

That is why the first and most popular Kizomba songs are in Portuguese.

Diogo Cão was that responsible Portuguese explorer to discover Angola and to determine its official language and culture. Who could possibly know that after the colonization era, MUSIC would be that one thing capable of combining cultures and mixing beats taste between humans? Kizomba is a clear example of that. Another fun fact is that its name comes from Kimbudo; which means ‘party’, maybe that’s why it’s so exciting to dance it.

It’s good to know that its characteristic for its slow and sensuous rhythm, came with a mixed touch of African rhythm and Haitian Kompa, until it became the one we know now a day. In the 1990s, when the actual Kizomba got more and more popular, Angolan semba dancers started to adapt their semba steps, according to the tempo and flavour of the Kizomba beats.

Back in the 60’s, the big parties were referred as: “Kizombadas”; since at that time, Kizomba wasn’t really “Kizomba”. Imagine calling your own parties like that, funning right? Many other dance styles from other continents were also enjoyed, since the rest of Africa received the influence of many other cultures; as a result of African rhythms and European styles.

As Angola did with Portugal. During the years, it has spread ALL AROUND THE WORLD; to countries like: England, France, Spain, Poland, Denmark, Belgium, Sweden, Belarus, Lithuania, Egypt, Switzerland, Serbia, Canada and the United States of America. And now, we hear it in South America, through all these famous artists like: Prince Royce, Romeo Santos and Juan Luis Guerra.

Not always was Kizomba defined, as we know it today. See, through the years, it has been confused with other genres like Cape Verdaen; which turned out to be the first similar rhythm before Kizomba was, what it is today. Many immigrants confused Cape Verdaen rhythm with Kizomba vibes, back in the 80’s. This genre comes from Cape Verde, in Africa; where the official language is Portuguese as well, and their movements are very similar.

Another interesting fact that I learned about the origin of Kizomba, was its first popular name, “Zouk”. It is good to know that this term represents the origin of Cape Verdaen and Kizomba, because people used to call every type of music by this name. Now with the other name, Kizomba, people can tell them apart. In the history of Kizomba, we will find the popular Brazilian Zouk dance, evolved from a dance called Lambada.

In this following video you could see how to dance Zouk and Lambada https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlK5oIjVNfM By HOWCAST

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSpV HeDGr9UbREhRca0qwsA

I know what you are thinking; How many dance types come from the same one? That in fact is the magic of Kizomba; it involves so many rhythms and cultures and that’s why it as special and popular, as it is today.

Lambada, was a dance that took over most night clubs in Brazil; especially, in Rio de Janeiro. In the mid 90’s, Brazilians discovered Zouk from the French Caribbean; which had many similarities with Lambada, because of its Caribbean rhythm influence.

Soon, Lambada started to adapt to Zouk. However; Zouk’s rhythm was slower than the Lambada, so it was necessary to make alterations to the dance, including to its basic steps.

All Zouk professionals then decided to call Lambada style, Brazilian Zouk (Zouk Brasileiro); with the objective to protect their culture and also with the objective, not to interfere with different culture’s interpretations of Zouk.

Ghetto Zouk Dance is one type of Zouk that a couple dances to, very closely with higher dynamics, fun, flow and precision, that follows the ghetto Zouk beat. It combines the basic Kizomba steps and techniques, with faster rhythm in footwork, requiring firm posture and higher level of power, pressure and movement control from both partners.

In the Ghetto Zouk Dance, both partners share the same amount of pressure, tension and impulse which makes, especially the ladies, be more involved in the dance. It also improves the communication between partners and helps them to maintain the flow. Ghetto Zouk Dance uses syncopated rhythm more often to better reflect the beat. In practice, it is demonstrated by faster footwork than the one of Kizomba and higher overall dynamics of the dance.

Unlike very soft movements of Kizomba, Ghetto Zouk Dance applies more energy and extension, while still emphasizing the precision of the movement.

In this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7n9p DcSGwgg you will see how to dance Guetto Zouk step by step. By GHETTO ZOUK DANCE & KIZOMBA PRAGUE https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCA6q QHYwbcfaIQNL23tKk-A

Knowing its steps, in some places of the world, Kizomba is known as African Tango. The body position is very similar to the Argentine Tango, with the upper body leaning forward with head touching at times.

The lower body, particularly the hips, is very fluid using forward, backward and circular movements, in connection with the partner. Like salsa, dancers can break apart and perform ‘solo’ movements.

Everything we learned today about this music genre and its origin leaves us the knowledge that cultures were made to mix up, to blend with others and to spread their believes. Music is that one thing supposed to teach us, how to enjoy life and make dancing as special as it is. The different styles and movements make us feel part of their culture and origin.

Involving all tastes and rhythms, known by its slow, insistent, somewhat harsh, yet sensuous rhythm, as the result of electronic percussion, some of the most popular Kizomba and Zouk artists of all times are:

Kaysha, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1974 – present):

Kaysha is a French-based musician originally from the Democratic Republic of Congo. His music is a blend of styles such as kizomba, rhumba, zouglou, zouk, zouk love, calypso, R&B, and hip hop. Kaysha is also a successful music producer, having produced songs for some of the bestknown artists on the Afro-Caribbean scene, including Passi, Solaar, Jacob Desvarieux, Soumia, Lynnsha, Elizio, and Ludo.

Elizio, aka Mister ODC (Original Di Cabo Verde):

He is a singer-songwriter, born in Angola in 1979; of Cape Verdean origin. Revealed with the title 10 fois, 100 fois featuring Perle Lama in 2003, Elizio quickly meets his first big solo success with Melodia which leads him to the top of the zouk scene. The artist then connects the tubes and expands his musical universe with more than 70 titles, ranging from general dancefloor with sounds like Bad Man on Kizomba with Angel or Make love on tempo in particular, through the kuduro as Sabi Di Mas.

Anselmo Ralph Andrade Lamb (born 1981 in Luanda, Angola):

Better known as Anselmo Ralph; is a singer of R&B, Soul and Kizomba. In January 2006 he released his first album titled “Love Stories”. That year he was nominated by the Channel O Music Video Awards in the “Best R&B” and “Best Director” categories, and by the MTV Europe Music Awards 2006 in the “Best African Artist” category.

Anselmo Ralph - Kizomba — Anselmo Ralph – Kizomba

In 2012, Coca-Cola announced a promotional campaign featuring Ralph, their first with an Angolan artist. As of January 2013, Ralph was touring the Benguela region of Angola to promote his album “Best of Anselmo Ralph”, which premiered the month before in the #5 position on the Portugal Albums Top 30 chart.

Nelson Freitas was born and raised in the Netherlands, with creativity and talent he constantly tries to refresh the world of Zouk music. In 1997 the compilation CD of “MOBASS Presents” was released featuring the track, “Hoje em Dia” (Now a Days), which officially launched Quatro Plus (formerly known as Quatro) in the market. As one of the lead singers of the group, Quatro Plus went on to release three successful albums “4-Voz” (Four Voices) in 1998, “Bem Conche” (Get to Know Us) in 2002 and “Ultima Viagem” (Last Voyage) in 2005.

Nelson Freitas - Kizomba — Nelson Freitas – Kizomba

In almost a decade, Freitas has earned what’s rightfully his as he is of the most admired and respected producers, singers and writers in the Cape Verdean as well as the Zouk music industry. With a blend of Cape Verdean Kriol and English lyrics, a twist of R&B and hip-hop incorporated with Zouk and traditional Cape Verdean music. With all these ingredients Nelson made his solo album called “Magic” In October 2006.The album sold over 25.000 copies worldwide.

Don Kikas, born Emílio Camilo de Carvalho, is an Angolan singer from the city of Sumbe in the southern Angolan province of Cuanza Sul. In 1997, Don Kikas released his second album, Pura Sedução which was silver in Portugal. That same year, the album’s Esperança Moribunda song received the “Music of the Year” award granted by the Rádio Nacional de Angola (national radio station). By this time, invitations were extended for Kikas to perform at international level. His third album, Xeque Mate, released in December 1999, produced a totally-renewed Don Kikas as it included songs recorded in three different countries and featured foreign musicians as well.

Don Kibas - Kizomba — Don Kibas – Kizomba

Soumia is of Moroccan origin and was born on August 27, 1977 in Saint Mandé in Paris. She made her appearance onto the music scene first in 1998 singing a duet with Talina on the RUBIZOUK compilation album. Since then, she has been featured in numerous compilations including ZOUK R&B VOLUMEs I, II & III; TROPICAL HIT MACHINE and SECTION ZOUK. She released her first album STILL IN LOVE in 2002 and her hits include Mes Sentiments; Trahison; and Avec des si ou Rendez moi.

Alfrid Valdez “The King of Steel Band”

Latin America / Venezuela / Sucre

Alfrid Valdez is a Venezuelan singer who was born in Guiria, Sucre State-Venezuela, and since he was very young he showed a great interest and taste for Afro-Antillean, tropical and Caribbean music, especially the Steel Band, calypso and soca genres. even getting to play all the instruments of the “Steel Band”, always in the hands of his father, the popular “Guapango”.

Alfrid Valdez "The King of Steel Band" — Alfrid Valdez “The King of Steel Band”

Already established in the city of Guayana, in 1990 he began his musical career as executor of the first Steel Band piano in musical groups that cultivated and spread the aforementioned rhythms; and as time passed he gained more experience, excelling in Soca and Calypso which were the main rhythms of “Alfrid y su banda Acero”.

During his day he presented his new record production in the salsa genre, entitled “Salvemos El Amor” which was born from his 2nd salsa work; His first production was made in 2004, presenting himself as “Alfrid El Salsero De Oriente”, with his songs “Sin tu Amor”, “Hasta arrival at the Sea” and “Stay by my side”, which were recognized by the International Organization ” Cacique de Oro” as “Salsa Revelation Singer of the Year”. And with his record work he toured his country (Venezuela) together with several artists in the celebration of the 25 years of artistic career of Salsero Manuel Guerra, creator of the famous group “Salserin”.

Photo - Alfrid Valdez — Photo – Alfrid Valdez

In this new production there are 10 songs of which Alfrid expresses his lyrics and arrangements in 3 songs: “Salvemos el Amor”, “Traicionera” and “Amor en la menor”, in addition to making some tributes to the great singers of the decade of the 80s such as the Great Héctor Lavoe and Ismael Rivera, Alfrid is currently in Lima – Peru where he will launch this salsa material with the support of the record company Col-Discos and the media of that country.

One of the salsa songs to be released soon to its public is “Dudas” that will be launched in Lima, Peru for all of Latin America, if you want to listen you can listen through https://soundcloud.com/pana music/alfrid-el-rey -del-steel-band-doubts

For more information:

Email: [email protected]
Facebook: alfrid.valdez
Instagram: alfridvaldez
Twitter: AlfridValdez
Phones: +58 414-8695554 +58 414-8925467