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Tribute to Alberto Naranjo and his musicians

Latin America / Venezuela / Caracas

40 years of El Trabuco Venezolano A Deserved Tribute to Alberto Naranjo and his musicians

Teresa Carreno Theater. Caracas, Venezuela August 21 to 25, 2017

Collaboration and Photographs by Lysbeth Weffe

From August 21 to 25, at the Teresa Carreño Theater (TTC), in Caracas, the Tribute to maestro Alberto Naranjo was held for his 57 years of artistic life, and to the group of his creation El Trabuco Venezolano for its 40 years of founding . With a long time of preparation and a lot of love involved, as it said in the hand program and was perceived in the environment, the event had the general production of Franklin Rojas, the Grupo Madera Foundation and the Teresa Carreño Theater Foundation.

More than an orchestra, El Trabuco Venezolano has been an authentic Venezuelan salsa movement born from the initiative of Alberto Naranjo, a veteran drummer and arranger who has walked the trade through the most diverse tendencies and schools of popular music in the Caribbean, always counting with the direct support of the musical producer, Orlando Montiel(I).

It was at a recital conference given by César Miguel Rondón and Domingo “El Flaco” Álvarez at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Caracas, in August 1977, that El TrabucoVenezolano(2) made its public debut.It immediately became the most finished and interesting musical project known to the city of Caracas up to that time. Alberto Naranjo organized it under the concept of a big band with the idea of developing a particular proposal that would differ from its similar ones in the rest of the Caribbean, with a sound that bridges salsa, jazz, funk and Venezuelan.

With seven albums released, two of them live with the group Irakere from Cuba, and having passed more than a hundred performers through its ranks, El Trabuco, more than a group in conventional terms, has been a download and meeting space for local musicians, as well as the best of schools for many of them.

He also counts among his achievements, having motivated the Caracas salsa environment of the moment, imposing a high standard that influenced the formation of the best salsa orchestras, apart from creating, in short, his own Caracas sound brand(3).

The activities of this large tribute began on Monday 21 with the talks in the Protocol Plate of the TTC: “History in Venezuelan salsa” with Franklin Rojas and “Hera & Pablo, the Venezuelan salsa dance”; on Tuesday 22, Cheo Guevara’s discussion on “Alberto Naranjo, and his historical mark” and the forum “The production of salsa content in alternative radio” moderated by Zulay Millán. They continued like this throughout the week.

Several workshops were held, among them, “Percussion Tuning” dictated by Nicolás Monterola and “Latin Percussion” by Professor Frank Márquez. Also in the lobby on the ground floor of the TTC, the following concerts were presented: Caracas Legends Ensemble, with its tribute to Eddie Palmieri, the Salsarría Orchestra, Grupo Madera, Mundito and his Orchestra La Celestial, The Big Band of San Agustín and the Orquesta Carlin.

The highlight of this week of well-deserved recognition was the Trabuco Venezolano concerts at the Ríos Reyna venue on August 24 and 25, presented by Zulay Millán and José Gregorio Acero.

Although with a room not completely full and recalling other times of splendor of a TTC that received the stars of the show from all over the world, we enjoyed two nights of memorable, tasty, lively and educational concerts, with a stage full of great musicians. and a full Alberto Naranjo, going through it and playing around more than directing the members of the big band. With the best of the best-known musicians and singers of Venezuela in the genre, with some of the original members of this group and new talents, we were able to delight ourselves in an exquisite waste of salsa, jazz and funk, lasting three hours each day.

“The teacher was narrating the stories of the different themes that they interpreted…”

Alberto Naranjo at the Teresa Careño with his orchestra "Trabuco Venezolano" — Alberto Naranjo at the Teresa Careño with his orchestra “Trabuco Venezolano”

The member musicians of El Trabuco Venezolano 2017, present at the concerts on August 24 and 25, were: Alberto Lazo (piano), José “Mortadelo” Soto (bass), William Vásquez (three), William Mora (tumbadoras), Frank Márquez (timbale), Franklin Rojas (bongo), Hugo Olivero (sax), Eduardo “Mondy” Dávila (sax), Manuel Barrios (sax), Irvin Blanco (sax), Edwin Ruiz (sax), Adrián Suárez (trombone), Eliel Rivero (trombone), Pedro Carrero (trombone), Franklin Moreno (trombone), Oscar Mendoza (trombone), Vicente Freijeiro (trumpet), Rafael Rey (trumpet), Gustavo Aranguren (trumpet), José “Cheo” Rodríguez (trumpet) , Noel Mijares (trumpet), Edgar “Dolor” Quijada (voice), Troy Purroy (voice), José Luis Peña (voice), Yeci Ramos (voice), Arturo Guaramato (voice).

The teacher was narrating the stories of the different songs they performed, referring to the fact that his musicians were chosen by meritocracy, sharing with the audience and ordering someone to shut up on more than one occasion, in a humorous tone, yes. He reminded us that they are not only dedicated to salsa and in some pieces where they did not sing, he emphasized that they were instrumental and that they could help us soar our imagination and dream.

Yeci Ramos, Juan Jose Conde, Edgar "Dolor" Quijada, Jose Luis Peña, Troy Purroy — Yeci Ramos, Juan Jose Conde, Edgar “Dolor” Quijada, Jose Luis Peña, Troy Purroy

The great experience of this meeting of musicians that has been El Trabuco Venezolano was reflected in a repertoire of 13 songs, including originals, emblematic and premieres, which they gave us.

They began with the songs “Yo Soy La Rumba” (Marcelino Guerra) with the solo voice of Troy Purroy and a timpani solo by Frank Márquez, “Bravo Rumbero” (José “Cheo” Navarro) sung by Edgar “Dolor” Quijada, “ La Negra Tomasa” (Guillermo Rodríguez Fiffe) in the voice of Arturo Guaramato, “Tres Días”, an original theme by Chucho Valdés and ceded to El Trabuco, sung by José Luís Peña, with the participation of the dancers Hera and Pablo. At this point, the entire audience had warmed up, and there was even a couple from the public who danced in the hall from the beginning of the concert until the end, both days.

The night continued with the emblematic “Almendra” (Alberto Barroso). This theme arranged by Naranjo for Arturo Sandoval 46 years ago, featured the masterful participation of Noel Mijares -Venezuela Big Band Jazz, Desorden Público- on trumpet, interacting with great complicity with the maestro. It followed with a premiere, “Alna’s Mambo” an instrumental composition, subliminal as Naranjo described it.

Yeci Ramos, Juan Jose Conde, Edgar "Dolor" Quijada, Jose Luis Peña, Troy Purroy - Photo — Yeci Ramos, Juan Jose Conde, Edgar “Dolor” Quijada, Jose Luis Peña, Troy Purroy – Photo

The concert continued with “Gongo Blues” (Eduardo Cabrera), a theme in which the extraordinary solos of Eliel Rivero on the trombone, Gustavo Aranguren on the trumpet, Manuel Barrios on the saxophone and Alberto Naranjo pleased us playing the kettledrum. . He followed up with the instrumental “El Ojo del Huracán,” a Latin jazz combo, which was written in the early ’70s and still sounds weird, Maestro Naranjo said.

Then with the song “Oye como va” (Tito Puente) the rumba was lit up, the lights in the room were turned on and hardly anyone could keep up without stopping and dancing. In the song “El Hijo del Sonero” (Ricardo Quintero) Yeci Ramos sang, in “El Cumaco de San Juan” (Francisco Delfin Pacheco), Arturo Guaramato and in “Compañeros” (Ricardo Quintero), Juan José Conde, these three songs they were accompanied by the drums of Grupo Madera.

“Imágenes Latinas” (Bernardo Palombo – Andy González), was the theme chosen as the finale, a piece that has become a cult object among music lovers, the salsa audience and lovers of Latin jazz, according to the words of connoisseur José Orellán .

It featured the extraordinary participation of Adrián Suárez in the trombone and bodyguard solo, and the interpretation of the son player Edgar “Dolor” Quijada.

At the concert on Friday 25, El Trabuco Venezolano and its creator were declared CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE NATION by the Institute of Cultural Heritage (IPC) and the Ministry of People’s Power of Culture of Venezuela.

With the hope that this experience can be repeated in other theaters in the country and the world, we congratulate the organizers, Alberto Naranjo and the musicians of El Trabuco Venezolano for having received such well-deserved recognition as Cultural Heritage of the Nation.

Notes: (1) and (2) The salsa book. Chronicle of urban Caribbean music. Cesar Miguel Rondon. Ediciones B Venezuela SA., 2007. (3) Taken from the Caracas Exhibition. Ciudad del Son, montage and texts by Alejandro Calzadilla, at the La Estancia Cultural Center, belonging to the company Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA La Estancia), September 2017.

Oscar Dudamel continues to achieve dreams and presents “La Rumba Me Llama”

Legendary Venezuelan trombonist Oscar Dudamel expands his musical vision with a new single that fuses the essence of classic salsa with his unmistakable style, which is why he does not hesitate to express “La Rumba Me Llama”.

This song is part of his upcoming album “Sueño Alcanzado”, a production that will be released on May 30 and represents the culmination of years of musical research, fusing the classic salsa sound with jazz influences and the romantic tradition of boleros.

El legendario trombonista venezolano Oscar Dudamel

In “La Rumba Me Llama”, Dudamel brings his trombone to the forefront of a vibrant composition that captures the essence of the rumba as an inescapable call. With a musical structure that evokes the great salsa orchestras and an impeccable instrumentation.

The piece stands out for its meticulous arrangements, powerful brass and an irresistible cadence, faithful to the spirit with which Dudamel has approached his music. The track is an invitation to the dance floor and a testament to the rhythmic power that has defined his career.

The album Sueño Alcanzado not only takes its name from a personal concept of triumph, but also from one of his most significant pieces.

The title track was born in an intimate creative encounter in Caracas, Venezuela, with Maestro Alberto Crespo, composer Eliel Rivero and Solange Ramírez, mother of his son Gustavo Dudamel.

Dedicated to her son and with her special participation on violin, this piece encapsulates the spirit of a project that transcends the musical to become a testimony of life.

More than a nostalgic production, “Sueño Alcanzado”, of which the song “La Rumba Me Llama” is part, is the reflection of an evolution. The music that accompanied him since his childhood now takes a new form under his direction, in a creative process that has brought together talented musicians with whom he shares the same vision.

His orchestra, based in Madrid, has become the vehicle to continue taking his proposal to international stages, demonstrating that salsa is still alive in every note and every drum beat.

“La Rumba Me Llama” is now available on all digital platforms and is just a preview of ‘Sueño Alcanzado’, Oscar Dudamel’s new album, consolidating his legacy with authenticity and mastery.

Oscar Dudamel Virtuoso Musician, Trombonist and Orchestra Conductor.

Oscar Dudamel, a Venezuelan trombonist, discovered his passion for salsa as a child when he first heard “La Murga” by Willie Colón. Although his formal musical training began with Maestro Pablo Canela and later continued within El Sistema as a classical musician, that early experience left a profound mark on him, inspiring his dream of playing the trombone and solidifying his love for salsa as his ultimate passion.

Dudamel was born on January 14, 1961, in Barquisimeto, Venezuela. He grew up in a musical family where every gathering was celebrated with music, fostering his passion for the art from a young age. His parents purchased him a trombone, and he began his studies at the Yamaha Music Academy.

At the age of 7, he was enrolled in a music academy under the guidance of Maestro Pablo Canela, a composer and prominent figure in the music of the Lara State region of Venezuela.It was there that he started his training with the Cuatro, the traditional Venezuelan instrument, and the guitar, which became his first instruments.

In addition to his Cuatro training, Dudamel began studying and playing various percussion instruments, further broadening his musical repertoire.

His academic training took place at the Lara State Conservatory in Barquisimeto, and at the National System of Youth and Children’s Orchestras and Choirs of Venezuela, also known as El Sistema.

During his teenage years, he became a member of the Youth Orchestra of Lara State (El Sistema Lara) and the Liceo Mario Briceño Iragorry Band, where he had the opportunity to expand his musical knowledge and explore various genres.

Dudamel entered a new phase of his life when he enrolled at the Vicente Emilio Sojo Music Conservatory to study theory and solfège, continuing his trombone studies under the guidance of his maestro, Óscar Vivenes.

Over the years, he became a member of the Lara Youth Symphony Orchestra of Lara, part of the national network of Venezuela’s El Sistema orchestras, actively participating in classical music.

However, his fascination with the Caribbean rhythms of salsa never disappeared. Thus, he combined his classical training with his passion for salsa, performing with renowned artist and sharing the stage with legends of the genre, such as Héctor Lavoe, Ismael Rivera, Ismael Miranda, Celia Cruz, Justo Betancourt, Marvin Santiago, and other great artists.

In Caracas, Venezuela, he founded his own orchestra, with which he had the opportunity to share the stage with notable figures such as Rubén Blades, Gilbert Santa Rosa, Luis Enrique, Guaco, Oscar D’ León, and many others.

Dudamel’s surname is synonymous with music. He is the father of Gustavo Dudamel, one of the most acclaimed classical music conductors in the world. Gustavo’s well-known fondness for salsa stems from his father, who recently fulfilled his lifelong dream of releasing a solo album titled Sueño Alcanzado, dedicated to his son.

Dudamel currently resides in Madrid, Spain, where he leads his ensemble, Oscar Dudamel y su Orquesta, performing salsa alongside his Venezuelan musician friends and colleagues at Café Berlín Madrid.

‍Research Sources:

Contact: Katie Baloian of Radio Notas (Compartiendo Ideas)

Alberto Crespo (Pianist and Arranger)

Dj. Augusto Felibertt

Café Berlin in Madrid

Also Read: Mariana “The Sonera of Venezuela and for the world”

Eddie Muñíz continues to head Swing Sabroso

From this space, every day we are much more aware of the unusual wealth of Latin talent that makes up the New York’s music scene, which continues to show many artists and orchestras that do not surrender to high competition and give their best to earn their place and stand out from the rest.

This is the case of Ray Rodríguez & Swing Sabroso, whose current leader, Eddie Muñiz, gives us a broader picture of the way any artist should go to keep his name alive in public taste and avoid getting lost in the large artistic catalog where there is a lot of content to choose from.

Swing Sabroso leader Eddie — This is current Swing Sabroso bandleader Eddie Muñiz

Talented musician Eddie Muñiz’s beginnings in the world of music

Eddie, who was born in Brooklyn, USA, but communicates in excellent Spanish, had his first approaches to music in elementary school at the age of 13, when he played in several classical music and jazz groups to keep improving in these arts and find his style until he had his big break.

This opportunity came when the young man turned 17 years old, at which point he had his professional career in music with a group of friends, with whom he stayed for two or three years. After that, his next group was called ”Herencia Latina” whose director was the talented Ray Rodriguez and would become the starting point of his current orchestra Swing Sabroso.

After leaving Herencia Latina, he joined Ismael’s conjunto for four years and subsequently played with Conjunto Clasico, Ray de La Paz, La Sonora Matancera, Tony Vega and many more.

About eight years later, the group did not go ahead and Ray moved to New Jersey, but as it happens, Eddie had to do the same for work reasons. Back then, Ray started a group he called Ray Rodriguez y Swing Sabroso, which invited Eddie to join the orchestra in 2000. 24 years later, it is he himself who moved such an ambitious project forward after Ray’s sad loss from the cancer on April 17, 2016.

Swing Sabroso

By the time Ray was in good health, the orchestra released two albums, one in 2005 and another in 2015. When the bandleader began to sicken, he knew he could not give the group the attention it required, so he asked Eddie to take the helm of the ship in his place as long as the group was only called Swing Sabroso, nothing else.

At that time, the group only had two trumpets and a trombone, but Eddie was gradually enlarging it and adding more instruments to make the sound fuller. Being in total control of the orchestra, the artist released the album ”Swing Sabroso, Mejor Que Nunca” in the year 2022, when they played everything that the three albums included.

Cover of the album ”Swing Sabroso, Mejor Que Nunca”

Currently, Eddie is the oldest of all the Swing Sabrso members, but not for that things are always done his way. In fact, the artist assures that the younger musicians are frequently those who teach him what to do in certain cases.

Far more than a salsa orchestra, Eddie considers that ”Swing Sabroso” is also a family of musicians in which they support each other, despite the regrettable absence of its main founder, the great Ray Rodriguez. Even so many years later, Rodriguez remains the biggest influence on everyone working with Swing Sabroso.

The “Patio de Tula”

Latin America / Venezuela / Yaracuy

In the Yaracuy state of Venezuela, where nature reigns, salsa is also danced

Meeting point: El Patio de Tula in the city of San Felipe

In the patio of a house in an urbanization in the city of San Felipe, since 2013, there has been a salsa scene that is worthy of recognition. The Patio de Tula is the name of the place, named after the Buena Vista Social Club song: El Cuarto de Tula. It is a space created by music lover and cultural promoter Yony Padilla, inspired by some night spots in Caracas where salsa was danced, such as the emblematic “El Maní es Así en Sabana Grande.”

Apart from having become a point of reference in the Yaracuy state and a meeting place for musicians and passionate salsa lovers, or simply a place to de-stress or have a delicious soup on Sundays, in El Patio de Tula We work diligently to rescue the salsa genre and become an engine of dissemination and a teaching center for the musical education of children, young people and adolescents.

The aim is to create an African-American percussion and dance school, where rhythm and dance are connected in a vital and artistic encounter, through Afro-Caribbean, Afro-Venezuelan percussion workshops and Caribbean dance (salsa) and traditional Venezuelan dance classes. It is important to highlight that this training proposal will be called the Juan Carlos Marín Percussion School, as a living tribute to this musician from Yaracuya, who throughout his career has dedicated himself to the study and research of Latin music and the Yaracuyan drum. It would be well worth it for this project to be taken into account by the region’s cultural organizations to support it.

There are various personalities and groups linked to the salsa and urban music scene that have visited El Patio de Tula, among them we can mention: Edgar “Dolor” Quijada, Orlando “Watussi” Castillo along with Mandinga Star Band, Rodrigo Mendoza, Carlos Hurtado , Jóvito Eduardo, Wilmer Lozano, Edgar “El Abuelo” Rodríguez, Alejandro Mayora, Ray Herrera, David González Jr., Ronald Gómez, Cheo Linares, Aquamarina “La Sirena de la Salsa”, DJ. Augusto Felibertt, Sonora Yambú, Orquesta Salsa Cinco 25, Orquesta Salsa Libre, Orquesta Malecón, the Mango Group, Dame Pa Mátala, Y de Cuba, Sixto Llorente and the Yoruba Andabo Folkloric Group.

Yony Padilla tells us that the salsa scene in the Yaracuy state is on the rise. To do this, they have the Hermandad Salsera de Yaracuy Foundation, which goes hand in hand with El Patio de Tula and at the same time is linked to the radio program Expresion Latina, produced and hosted by Hermes Mejías, and broadcast on the 102.9 FM dial from the central area of San Felipe. Another location that is leading the scene in the area, as Yony tells us, is El Rincón de La Salsa. The large number of musicians and orchestras in Yaracuy are proof of what was said above. Among the musicians the following stand out:

Domingo Bracho – piston trombone
Jorge Yujere – trombone
Harry Ramos –piano
Luis Reyes –percussion
Kendri Siso –percussion
Asael Hernández – piano
Darwin González – Cuban three
Domingo Suárez – percussion
Jimmie Graterol – percussion
Jesús Mieres – percussion
Manuel Mieres –trombone
among others.

The salsa orchestras are: Sonora Yambu, Elegua Son, Yaracuy es Salsa, Orquesta Los Gullet de Marín, where Sonero Orlando “Watussi” Castillo, residing in Milan, Italy, participated as a special guest, Orquesta Trombosis and Escala 78. Among the DJs are: Diego Music, Jesús (Drupy) and Robert Villalobos.

Further, investigating the salsa scene in the states surrounding Yaracuy, we were able to verify with the promoter Padilla that salsa is picking up in Aragua, this, if we measure it by the number of orchestras that he mentioned to us: Orquesta Mangue, Orquesta Primera Clase, La Foca and his Caribbean Sextet, Enmanuel Orchestra, Latinos Orchestra, Mondys Band, Fascination Orchestra (Recognition from the Universidad Bicentenario de Aragua –UBA–), Sono-Star Orchestra and Roberto Monasterios and his Orchestra.

Likewise, in other nearby states there are orchestras such as Malecón, Sazón Latino, Soneros Latinos, Líder, La Nor-Star in Lara; Osaona, Juramento, Sorongo, Batakum, Son Colón, Adrenalina Latina Puerto Cabello in Carabobo; and the Piri Salsa Orchestra in Falcón.

We invite you, therefore, to attend one of the tremendous rumbas that take place in El Patio de Tula, in a family and calm atmosphere, and in the process visit the greenest and most vibrant state of Venezuela. The Exotic Tropical Flora Park, the San Felipe El Fuerte Archaeological Historical Park and the Cumaripa Reservoir Recreational Park are an exemplary example of how, in Yaracuy, nature reigns.

ADDRESS: El Patio de Tula is located on 3rd street, San Rafael, Independencia, Yaracuy state, Venezuela.

Note: We highly appreciate the collaboration received from Yony Padilla and Augusto Felibertt in the preparation of this text.

Gabrielito Y La Verdad shines in Los Angeles

We are so pleased to have spoken with Mexican singer-songwriter and percussionist Gabriel González, who gladly embraced the opportunity to share with us a little of his personal story with music and the beginning of his band Gabrielito Y La Verdad. This project has brought him great joy and personal satisfaction since its foundation, as well as the possibility of meeting some of the today’s largest artists and being on stages where Gabriel never imagined playing.

Gabriel is the leader of La Verdad — Mexican percussionist Gabriel González,who is the leader of Gabrielito Y La Verdad

Gabriel’s beginnings in music

Gabriel’s first contacts with music occurred when he was just a seven year old boy in East of Los Angeles. That city had a place called ”El Mercadito” where there were amateur contests the boy always took advantage of to practice his singing and this start his career as a vocalist.

Being in his native Mexico, he became interested in regional Mexican music, ranchera, guatango, boleros, son and many others. When he moved to the United States with his family, he also began to know son jarocho, son jalicience and son montuno.

The first group he played and toured with was the Los Angeles Chicano rock band Quetzal, which is the one that gave him his first job opportunity and with which he would stay for some time until his interests shifted definitively.

As he left Quetzal, Gabriel resumed his interest in son montuno and thereafter in salsa as well. From then on, he became so good at these genres that he played with most of the salsa orchestras in Los Angeles and its nightclubs, which attracted the interest of many promoters who invited him to new places. In fact, he himself says that sometimes he would be called to play at venues without knowing which band he would be playing with that night.

Gabriel posing for the camera — Percussionist Gabriel González posing for the camera with some of his instruments

Salsa orchestras in which Gabriel participated

In California, there were many salsa orchestras in which Gabriel participated and one of the most important was Johnny Polanco Y Su Conjunto Amistad. The artist sang with the late Polanco on a few occasions over several years, as they respected each other professionally and never missed any opportunity to show it on stage.

The singer-songwriter also played with the Orquesta de Ángel Lebrón Y Su Sabor Latino on many occasions. The conguero and orchestra leader also relied heavily on the Mexican and what he had to offer, so he did not hesitate to call him whenever he needed him.

Gabrielito Y La Verdad

Gabriel had already gained so much popularity that, one night, he was invited to a concert whose flyer announced him as ”Gabrielito Y Su Orquesta”, meaning that he had already his own importance outside of being a simple element of support for groups and artists better known than him. The best thing about this is that the event was a complete success, leading the musician to think about creating his own orchestra, which he later named ”Gabrielito Y La Verdad”.

From that moment Gabriel founded Gabrielito Y La Verdad, it has been ten years, in which he has dedicated himself to tour all over California and considers that his journey has been very successful and filled with gratification.

In view of the success and fans amassed by the orchestra during this time, Gabriel decided it was time to make original music and write his own songs, while acknowledging that his thing is singing and playing percussion because that is at what he excels.

Gabriel and Bruno Mars — Bruno Mars and Gabriel González during a musical event

Gabriel’s contact with other artists

Gabriel and his orchestra have also had the opportunity to share with great music luminaries, from whom he has been able to learn many things and apply them to his own career. Among the artists and groups he has shared the stage with are Juan Gabriel, Los Van Van, Cubanismo, Los Cuban All Stars, Silk Sonic and Bruno Mars.

In every case, Gabriel was impressed with the discipline and professionalism of each of the above-mentioned artists or orchestras, but at the same time, how humble and pleasant they were off the stage.

In Bruno Mars’ case, he attended one of Gabriel’s shows along with the rest of his musicians without any of them noticing that the singer-songwriter was listening to them play with great interest. The artist was so fascinated with the orchestra that he invited it to open for him at a private party he would soon have in Las Vegas, an experience that was a great honor for the Mexican and the rest of the group.

From this anecdote Gabriel learned that he must always give his best in his work, since he does not know who may be watching him.